Dimitar Marinov, Ph.D.
Dimitar Marinov, Ph.D.Researchers looking for novel ways to boost immune function might be interested to learn about thymosin alpha-1 dosage.
Thymosin alpha-1 is a peptide fragment found in thymus gland tissue, and has been researched for its impact on:
- Immune health
- Neurodevelopment and cognitive function
- Disease prevention
Apart from reading up on the peptide’s potential uses, researchers may be curious about the appropriate thymosin alpha-1 dose to administer to test subjects.
In this informative guide, we present a thymosin alpha-1 dosage calculator and guide, and also include our top pick of where to buy the peptide online.
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Thymosin Alpha-1 Dosage Chart | Quick Breakdown
| Timeframe | 6-12 months |
| Daily Dosage of TA-1 for Anti Inflammation and Immunity Research | 0.5mg subcutaneously |
What is Thymosin Alpha-1?
Thymosin alpha-1 (TA-1) is a potent immune function regulator that was initially identified in 1972 and extracted from thymus gland tissue. This peptide is composed of a 28-part chain of amino acids.
The thymus gland, a lymphoid structure situated in the upper region of the chest in front of the heart, secretes the hormone thymosin in the body. After peaking in childhood, secretion begins to diminish during puberty [1].
The immune system is naturally regulated by thymosin alpha-1, as it controls the production and maturation of T-cells. The thymus gland discharges T-cells in the lymphatic system, which disperse to numerous regions of the body to provide defense against viruses and diseases. TA-1 also helps to replenish white blood cells. Even if the thymus gland has been impaired due to injury or developmental issues, thymosin alpha-1 can still provide enhanced immunity [2].
The peptide has been researched for wide-ranging therapeutic applications including cystic fibrosis, chronic hepatitis, respiratory problems, and infections like tuberculosis and cytomegalovirus. While currently approved for the treatment of such conditions in developing countries, it has not been approved for use by the United States Food and Drug Administration.
Thymosin Alpha-1 Benefits
Clinical trials involving TA-1 have been conducted since 1985, with several noting the peptide’s powerful benefits for the immune system and anti-inflammation activity.
Thymosin Alpha-1 for improved healing
In wound healing processes, the body’s lymphoid cells release soluble factors that attract fibroblasts and macrophages, thereby triggering repair, endothelial cell migration, angiogenesis, and matrix production.
One study analyzed the effect of thymosin alpha-1 on endothelial cell migration, angiogenesis, and wound healing, showing that the peptide stimulated angiogenesis in a subcutaneous model. Researchers also noted that topical application of TA-1 accelerated wound healing in a punch model [3].
Another study involving 73 volunteers investigated the effects of thymosin alpha 1 on the reimplantation of avulsed teeth. The subjects were monitored and split into two control groups—a thymosin alpha-1 group and placebo. The TA-1 group exhibited lower interferon, tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin-6 levels, as well as higher white blood cell levels compared to placebo. Overall, the TA-1 group demonstrated “greater periodontal healing…and greater lifetime of the replanted teeth,” among other benefits [4].
Thymosin Alpha-1 and the immune system
Researchers have noted that illnesses resulting from deficient immune responses are associated with substantially lower TA-1 serum levels compared to healthy individuals. The same expert group concluded that low levels of thymosin alpha-1 in the body can lead to impaired immune function and greater vulnerability to disease [5].
Myeloid and dendritic cells (DC) both act as TLR-9 and TLR-2 agonists in response to thymosin alpha-1. The peptide can boost the adaptive immune response by targeting TLRs, which is necessary for combating viral, bacterial, fungal, and other infections [2, 6, 7].
TA-1 can also stimulate posterior humoral immunity and raise levels of interferon (IFN)-, IFN-, IL-2, IL-10, and IL-12. It has also been suggested as a vaccine adjuvant for improving response to vaccines due to its ability to promote T-cell dependent antibody production [8].
Thymosin Alpha-1 reduces inflammation
Thymosin alpha-1 has been shown to regulate inflammatory response while reducing reactive oxygen species production [9].
Studies have also demonstrated that this peptide can offer neuronal protection and reduce the upregulation of CFA-induced inflammatory mediators interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α and brain-derived neurotrophic factor [10, 11, 12].
In particular, one study conducted on rodents with acute liver failure showed that injections of thymosin alpha-1 resulted in extended lifespan and reduced liver inflammation [13].
Thymosin Alpha-1 Side Effects
Recommended dosages of thymosin alpha-1 delivered subcutaneously have been deemed safe in a variety of contexts. Having been in use for over 40 years, the peptide has exhibited a favorable safety profile in various patient populations and does not induce any of the adverse effects or toxicity typically observed with immunomodulatory agents.
A worldwide yearly survey on adverse drug reactions and interactions found that thymosin alpha-1 has had a favorable adverse reactions profile in over 2000 individuals treated to date [1].
Researchers should note that thymosin alpha-1 used in combination with Interferon-Alpha 2b (IFN- 2b) has resulted in greater incidence of fever, fatigue, muscle aches, nausea, vomiting, and neutropenia than with IFN- 2b alone [14].
Notably, thymosin alpha-1 is well-tolerated in patients with liver disease and kidney illness who need hemodialysis [15, 16].
The most commonly reported adverse effects of thymosin alpha-1 are [15, 17]:
- Localized irritation
- Redness
- Fever
- Fatigue
- Muscle aches
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Neutropenia
Thymosin Alpha-1 Dosage Calculator and Guide
In this section, we provide thymosin alpha-1 dosage tips and a sample protocol, with reference to the available TA-1 literature to date.
Thymosin Alpha-1 Administration Notes
Thymosin alpha-1 is typically available in injectable form and is administered to subjects via subcutaneous injection. Based on the use of thymosin alpha-1 in clinical practice for treatment of infections diseases, the peptide is typically administered in doses of 1.6mg twice weekly for periods of 6-12 months [14].
Some researchers have employed larger doses for shorter periods of time, depending on their research objective. The standard single dosage ranges from 0.8 to 6.4 mg, while multiple doses range from 1.6 to 16 mg for five to seven days [18].
It’s important to note that a thymosin alpha-1 dosage is able to achieve peak serum concentration in as little as two hours, which is also the half-life of this peptide. A return to baseline blood levels can be observed within 24 hours [19].
Sample Thymosin Alpha-1 Dosage Protocol
The majority of evidence recommends a minimum effective dose of 1.6mg taken bi-weekly. Due to the short half life of the peptide, we recommend splitting this weekly dosage (~3-3.5mg/weekly) to an once-daily dosing regimen.
For reference purposes, here is a sample thymosin alpha-1 dosage protocol that may be administered to observe accelerated cellular repair in subjects:
- Daily Dosage: 500mcg of thymosin-alpha 1, delivered via subcutaneous injection.
- Frequency: Once daily.
- Study Duration: Administer thymosin alpha-1 dosage until inflammation in the affected area has subsided, up to 6-12 months.
- Notes: While side effects are rare, administration should be discontinued upon excessive swelling or irritation. One 10mg vial of thymosin alpha-1 suffices for a 20 day course following this protocol.
Where to Buy Thymosin Alpha-1 Online? | 2024 Edition
Due to increased interest in thymosin alpha-1, a number of vendors now sell this peptide online. However, some peptide manufacturers may neglect to adhere to strict protocols, resulting in impure products and dissatisfied customers.
To determine which peptide vendor delivers the best value, our team has made test orders from several companies to assess factors such as peptide quality, shipping policies, and customer service.
Based on our expert survey, here is our top pick for where to source thymosin alpha-1 online:
Limitless Life
Limitless Life stands out from the others because of their commitment to independent lab testing, their easy returns process, their high safety standards, and their overall reputation.
Here’s a bit more about each of these criteria:
- Partnerships with Independent Labs: Limitless Life provides research peptides that are more highly purified than those offered by competitors, with verification from independent lab testing.
- Hassle-Free Reships and Returns: Limitless Life proves their dedication to satisfaction by offering a hassle-free reship and return process, as well as inexpensive shipping insurance, which covers lost or damaged packages.
- Dedication to Safety: Research peptides should only be used for research purposes only by qualified researchers. Limitless Life is dedicated to advancing the safe and ethical use of peptides among qualified research communities.
- Positive Reputation: Limitless Life has earned the trust of the research peptide community. This is made clear by their high ratings on third-party customer review sites, as well as their low rate of credit card charge-backs.
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Thymosin Alpha-1 Dosing | Verdict
Thymosin alpha-1 is an immunomodulatory polypeptide that was first synthesized in 1972 and belongs to a group of substances known as biologic response modifiers. It is increasingly administered to provide support to the immune system and reduce inflammation in a variety of research contexts.
Subjects dealing with infections have been found to exhibit lower levels of circulating thymosin alpha-1 compared with healthy subjects. This has led researchers to look into thymosin alpha-1 as a means of strengthening the immune system.
The peptide is well-tolerated with few adverse effects reported when an appropriate thymosin alpha-1 dosage is administered.
Researchers looking to explore the various effects of thymosin alpha-1, visit our top-rated vendor to make a purchase.
David Warmflash, M.D.